Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are instruments that transform sunlight into using photovoltaic cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to produce heat, generally used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity production. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic nation in the UK known for its wealthy cultural legacy, notable attractions, and bustling urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed landscape of gentle slopes, old castles, and bustling urban centers that mix heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental light emitted by the sun, crucial for existence on Earth as it supplies energy for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of energy generated by the movement of ions, primarily electrons. It fuels countless systems and systems, facilitating modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction flow of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to power various electronic devices. It includes several electrochemical cells, each comprising positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an green energy solution that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and grid integration. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and guaranteeing safe, dependable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity cyclically, typically used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It provides efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to ascertain the dimension, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, climate gauges, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale installations that harness sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They offer a green and sustainable energy power, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic cells on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess energy generated from green sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These systems generally use batteries to offer backup power, reduce energy costs, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells documents the progress and improvements in photovoltaic technology from the early finding of the solar effect to contemporary high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It features significant milestones, including the invention of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have greatly boosted power transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French scientist noted for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and glow. His experiments laid the groundwork for understanding how illumination interacts with certain materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American inventor who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious research and development organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronics and solar panels. It is a solid, breakable crystal solid with a bluish-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a little component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method increases system effectiveness, allows for better performance monitoring, and boosts energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a component that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is commonly used in solar arrays to supply a renewable and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon is a elementary particle which represents a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It has a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which particular compounds transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This effect is the basic foundation behind solar cell technology, enabling the capturing of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furniture, and external influences. Both are critical considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification refers to the velocity at which electricity is transferred by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a measure of energy conversion in the SI system, showing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the energy per individual charge accessible to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electric charge through a metal wire, usually measured in amps. It is essential for energizing electronic equipment and allowing the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp is the unit of electric current in the SI units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electric charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and capacity of power systems to ensure secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to protect wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that transforms DC from sources like cells or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It allows the use of common electrical appliances in settings where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as a collection of several individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of solar panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the day, optimizing solar energy capture. This technology boosts the performance of solar energy collection by ensuring best panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the energy production of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the operating point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar cells. This procedure provides the best performance energy extraction, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that observes and examines the efficiency of solar panel systems in instantaneous, delivering useful data on power output and system condition. It assists optimize solar power output by detecting issues ahead of time and ensuring maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to power homes, appliances, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many tiny silicon crystal structures, frequently used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a single lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic components. Its uniform formation allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in better functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a kind of thin film solar technology that offers a cost-effective and high-performance alternative for massive solar energy generation. They are recognized for their high absorption performance and comparatively reduced manufacturing expenses versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate photovoltaic cells that use a multi-layered material of copper, In, gallium, and selenium to transform sunlight into electricity effectively. They are recognized for their high light capturing effectiveness, flexibility, and potential for compact, affordable solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous molecular arrangement, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is often used in solar panels and electronic systems due to its affordability and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and innovative techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that use multiple p-n connections stacked together to absorb a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. They are mostly used in space satellites and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that convert solar radiation into electric power to supply onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This technique is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, delivering a economical approach for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and bendable form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These layers are essential in electronics, light manipulation, and films for their special physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of material covering tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in depth, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision devices used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, commonly in mechanical engineering and production. They feature a scaled screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a fine, round piece of silicon crystal used as the platform for producing semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the creation of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices famous for their excellent performance and flexibility, making them suitable for diverse applications. They employ a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight directly into electricity with excellent effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for residential, business, and utility-scale applications. They provide a eco-friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that use organic materials, to convert solar radiation into electricity. They are lightweight, bendable, and offer the potential for more affordable, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential electronic material used in thin-film solar panels due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an desirable option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, facades, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves applying a thin film to the inside or outside of cars or structures panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of photovoltaic power stations information various extensive solar energy facilities around the globe, showcasing their output and sites. These stations function a vital role in renewable energy production and international efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive facilities that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are constantly replenished, such as sunlight, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental impact and supporting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, oil, and methane, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are depleted when used. They are the primary fuels for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process generally happens in power plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency measures how efficiently a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable electricity. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This development is changing the world energy sector by boosting the percentage of clean solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power installations designed to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent component that bending light to bring together or spread out rays, producing images. It is often used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It enhances the clarity and brightness of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their wave heights negate each other, causing a diminution or complete elimination of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon usually happens when these waves are out of phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, typically used in power supply systems. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern over time, allowing effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a miniature component used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system performance by enhancing energy production at the module level and eases installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the voltage and electric flow periodically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in homes and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a category of electrical plug used to supply DC power from a power supply to an device. It generally consists of a round plug and receptacle that ensure a reliable and trustworthy attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international security validation body that tests and approves products to confirm they meet specific safety requirements. It assists consumers and firms find trustworthy and protected products through rigorous evaluation and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows components to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to pass in one direction only, functioning as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, intended to provide electrical energy for different devices and add-ons within a car. It allows users to power electronic devices or run small devices when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral peripherals to PCs, enabling information exchange and electric power. It accommodates a wide range of peripherals such as keypads, mice, external storage, and cell phones, with various revisions offering increased speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy output and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing breakthroughs in solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from radio waves to gamma radiation, each with diverse wavelengths and energy levels. This range is fundamental to many technologies and natural phenomena, allowing signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on variations of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to measure the magnitude of energy or power received or emitted over a particular surface, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the dispersion and conveyance of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large mass of air with fairly uniform temp and dampness features, originating from certain origin regions. These air masses impact weather patterns and sky situations as they move across various regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the power per unit area received from the Sun in the type of light. It changes with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of debris, and foreign matter on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and care are important to minimize energy decrease and guarantee maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the maximum power generation of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak capacity to generate electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to determine the potential difference between separate points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid chemical element crucial for plant development and applied in different industrial applications, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that cause it beneficial in producing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated practice of employing land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, maximizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, improving overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shade while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of numerous photovoltaic modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to deliver renewable, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that delivers shade and shelter from the weather for al fresco areas. It boosts the practicality and visual charm of a patio, making it a comfortable space for relaxation and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line between an viewer to a target object. It is frequently used in routing, mapping, and celestial observation to indicate the bearing of an object relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance commonly employed in thin-film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits outstanding optical properties, making it a popular choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy adoption and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of electricity equal to a billion W, used to assess big power generation production and consumption. It is generally associated with electricity stations, power grids, and large-scale power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar power solutions, expert in manufacturing thin film solar panels that provide high efficiency and low-cost power generation. The firm is focused on eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly integrating various components of industrial and automation systems to boost efficiency and reliability. It focuses on developing innovative solutions that facilitate smooth communication and cooperation among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top China's firm focused on producing and developing solar solar goods and services. Renowned for cutting-edge technology and green energy projects within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to indicate the ability of massive electricity generation or consumption. It emphasizes the huge power magnitude involved in contemporary power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost decreases as total output grows, due to gaining knowledge and optimization achieved over time. This effect highlights the importance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and improving productivity in manufacturing and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy transform sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are financially competitive with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a grid of power lines, delivering a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is supplied through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the optimum and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the sun's rays using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It represents a renewable, renewable, and planet-friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, commercial, and industrial settings to create green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered goods features a range of devices that capture sunlight to convert energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and eco-conscious living. These items include everything from solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, offering multi-purpose alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ optical lenses or reflectors to focus solar radiation on high-performance photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting energy capture using less space. This approach works well where intense, direct sunlight and offers an innovative way to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |